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Dispelling Common Myths About Indian Country Guide

It is important to shift the narrative of Indian Country away from harmful stereotypes to positive images, recognition, and appreciation.

Introduction

This resource guide is intended to create an awareness of representations of citizens of Native nations to provide allies and accomplices with information that will help shift the narrative of Indian Country away from harmful stereotypes to positive images, recognition, and appreciation. We would also like to thank our panelists Ian Teller (Diné), 2024 Champion for Change, UNITY 25 under 25, Founder of When Natives Vote, and Nina O’Leary (Cherokee), wedding and portrait photographer and author of Native Enough, for lending their expertise during the Dispelling Common Myths About Indian Country webinar. 

Why It Matters

Throughout the generations, Native nations have celebrated their diverse histories, cultures, traditions, and presence. However, since settler contact, Natives have been misrepresented, tokenized, and stereotyped in ways that reduce or take away their humanity and erase their diversity. As time went on harmful stereotypes and oppression of Native people became ingrained in popular culture from films and fashion to sports mascots and many more.

As a result, outsiders to Native communities began to generalize Native folks to one monolithic group of people, failing to recognize the unique cultures and backgrounds of Native nations. The truth is that Indian Country is made up of hundreds of Native nations who come from different regions, backgrounds, experiences, and communities that should be celebrated as their own. Negative representations of Native people do not depict the diversity of these communities correctly and oftentimes paint them as something they are not.

Despite these harmful and racist images being present, Native nations have persisted and joined together to eliminate stereotypes and myths about Indian Country. Citizens of Native nations are beginning to step into spaces that were not historically designed for them, and they are leading the way for generations to come.

Common Myths and Stereotypes

Many harmful stereotypes continue to be perpetuated against Native nations, undermining their sovereignty and perpetuating misconceptions about their cultures, communities, and identities. These assumptions often discredit individuals’ “Nativeness,” calling into question whether someone is “Native enough” based on stereotypical images of Native people and life. While we cannot address every myth in this resource, we aim to highlight some of the most common and damaging ones to shift the narrative toward positive, authentic representations of Native people.

  • Physical appearance: Native folks are extremely diverse in their appearance. Historically, Native representations in film, media, mascotry, etc., display images of Native people who have dark skin, dark hair, and other “Native-like” features. While many citizens of Native nations do possess some or all of these characteristics, many do not. Native nations understand that identity is not defined by appearance—being Native is about community, culture, and heritage, not skin color or hairstyle.
  • Geographical Location: A persistent misconception is that all Native people live on reservations. But in reality, Native folks live everywhere—urban areas, rural communities, and even abroad. Whether living in a city, suburb, or on Tribal lands, Native people can maintain strong connections to their communities, cultures, and traditions. This diversity of location reflects the strength and adaptability of Native nations, whose citizens continue to navigate and thrive in various environments.
  • Casinos: It is often assumed that every Native nation has a casino and that it has led to their community having an excess amount of funds. This is not true! While some Native nations do operate casinos this is not the case for all nations. The funds generated from casino revenue are often reinvested into essential community resources like housing, healthcare, education, scholarships, and more.
  • Free College Tuition: A widespread myth is that all Native students can attend college in the United States free of cost. This is not the case! Some colleges and universities do have tuition waiver programs for Native students, while many do not. These programs come with specific requirements and often do not cover the full cost of attending college. Native nations may offer scholarships to their citizens, but access to these resources depends on the nation and its financial capacity. Many Native students still face significant financial barriers to higher education, just like other students.

How Can Allies Help Shift the Narrative?

As an ally to Native nations, you play a vital role in shifting the narrative away from harmful stereotypes and toward one that celebrates the diversity, sovereignty, and resilience of Native people. Here are some practical ways to use your voice to support positive change:

  • Speak Up: Whether it’s in conversation, on social media, or in the workplace, don’t be afraid to call out inappropriate language, imagery, or actions. Addressing these issues in the moment can help educate others and prevent the spread of damaging narratives. You can correct misinformation by sharing facts and resources that amplify Native voices and perspectives.
  • Advocate for Change: If your school, workplace, or community is using offensive imagery or language (such as mascots that depict Native people in a derogatory way), take a stand. Start petitions, write letters, or engage in conversations with decision-makers to encourage the removal of these harmful symbols and the use of these stereotypes in public spaces, media, and institutions.
  • Be Mindful of Language: Language shapes perception, and outdated or offensive terms can perpetuate stereotypes. Use the preferred terminology of Native nations, and when in doubt, ask how they wish to be identified. Avoid referring to Native nations in the past tense, which erases their contemporary presence and contributions.
  • Use Native-Authored Resources: When seeking out information or teaching materials about Native nations, prioritize resources written or created by Native people, nations, and organizations. These materials are more likely to offer accurate and nuanced representations of Native cultures and histories.
  • Elevate Native Voices: On social media and other platforms, share content created by Native activists, scholars, and artists. By centering Native voices in conversations about representation, land rights, and sovereignty, you help uplift the perspectives that matter most.
  • Engage in Ongoing Learning: Shifting the narrative around Native nations requires continuous learning. Keep listening to Native voices and remain open to learning. Understanding the challenges, triumphs, and nuances of Native experiences takes time, but it is key to being a strong ally or accomplice. When Native people share their stories or insights, whether in public forums, social media, or personal conversations, pay attention and support their perspectives.

How Citizens of Native Nations Shift the Narrative?

Native folks are emerging as leaders for change in the fight against prejudice, appropriation, and stereotypes towards Native nations. While some are taking roles as Natives in film, political office, or activists, others are taking on roles that are less in the spotlight but nonetheless just as important. Are you a citizen of a Native nation wondering how you can join the effort to shift the narrative? Every role in this movement matters, here are some ways to get involved:

  • Create Spaces: While positive representations of Native people have started to grow, there is always room for more. Consider how you can use your unique talents, interests, and knowledge to contribute to this movement. Whether you’re an artist, educator, entrepreneur, or community leader, there are many ways to amplify Native voices and contribute to the positive shift.
  • Educate Others: If you have the emotional capacity and desire, sharing your knowledge and lived experiences with others outside your community can have a lasting impact. By helping to dispel myths and misinformation, you create opportunities for non-Native people to learn and better understand Native sovereignty, culture, and identity.
  • Advocate: Getting involved in advocacy efforts is a powerful way to make lasting change. Whether you’re advocating for issues important to your own nation or supporting other Native nations, your involvement strengthens the collective movement for Native sovereignty and representation.
  • Celebrate Culture: One of the most powerful ways to combat stereotypes and shift the narrative is to celebrate your culture proudly and unapologetically. Maybe you can learn more about your language, traditions, or history. Or maybe you have that knowledge and can share it with other community members looking to learn.

 

Additional Resources

 

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Event Recording

Our Dispelling Common Myths About Indian Country virtual event was held on Sept. 19, 2024 and featured insights from Indigenous leaders. Attendees gained an understanding of the common myths impact Indian Country and the ways in which they can help change the narrative. 

Event guests:

  • Ian Teller (Diné), 2024 Champion for Change, UNITY 25 under 25, Founder of When Natives Vote
  • Nina O’Leary (Cherokee), Wedding and portrait photographer, author of “Native Enough”

Photo by Nicholas Galanin. 

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